What Are Signs a Horse Wound Is Becoming Infected?

As beautiful and graceful as horses appear, they are also accident-prone, primarily due to their long legs. Despite their large stature and incredible strength, they seem to find foreign objects to cut or puncture themselves on, no matter how well you inspect their stall or turnout area for hidden hazards. Fencing, gates, trailers, stable materials and other horses often cause injuries. Knowing how to care correctly for your horse’s cuts and scrapes includes identifying when infection begins.

Signs of Infection in Equine Wounds

Experienced horse owners or barn staff can tend to various wounds, especially superficial cuts and abrasions. Some more severe wounds like punctures, gashes and lacerations may require veterinarian attention. If the wound isn't gaping, it's best to leave them open to allow for drainage, gentle daily cleansing and the application of wound dressing during the healing process. Each time you tend to your horse’s wound, you must check for signs of infection. Identifying signs of infection in a horse's wound is crucial for timely and effective treatment. 

If you suspect your horse's wound may be infected, look out for the following signs: 

Swelling

After an injury, initial swelling is normal and typically subsides within the first few days. An increase or sudden return of swelling is usually an indicator of an infected wound.

Heat

In the early stages of healing, the affected area may feel warm to the touch. Increased heat is not normal. With a clean hand, check the area for excessive heat, which indicates inflammation and infection.

Discharge

Routine wound healing involves exudate, the drainage of fluid that should be clear or slightly cloudy. This natural process is the sloughing off of dead white blood cells. If the color changes to green or yellow, an infection has taken a foothold in your horse's injury.

Tenderness

New wounds hurt, but if your horse shows signs of increased pain, discomfort or sensitivity when the affected area is touched, it may be infected.

Redness

Reddened skin or red streaks spreading beyond the original borders of the wound may be a sign of infection. This redness is often associated with increased blood flow to the area in response to inflammation.

Lameness or Reluctance to Move

If the wound is on a limb or joint, lameness or reluctance to move may be a sign of infection or discomfort associated with the wound. It is better to call the vet for wounds near a joint or tendon sheath because an infection of any of these structures can have severe consequences and be costly to treat.

Odor

A foul smell is not a hard symptom to miss, as infected wounds give off a distinct odor. Some describe the pungent scent as smelling like decay or rotten flesh.

Systemic Symptoms

In severe cases, a systemic response may occur. Symptoms can include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and an elevated heart rate. These signs suggest the infection may spread throughout the horse's body. A call to your vet is imperative.

Fighting an Infected Wound

Your vet will most likely prescribe an antibiotic to stop the infection from spreading and start clearing it up. You should only give antibiotics prescribed by a licensed veterinarian for your horse. Not all antibiotics are administered orally and must be injected. While this may be scary for some owners, your vet will show you how to give the injections, or you can schedule them to do them.

During treatment, it is still crucial to keep the wound clean. To promote healing, a biopolymer hydrogel with antimicrobial, antifungal and antibacterial properties is the best option as it requires fewer applications and creates a protective film to minimize the risk of contamination. Accidents happen even at the most exclusive equine facilities, but with time, care and attention, your horse will soon be back in perfect condition.

When To Call the Equine Vet

Despite all your efforts to keep the wound clean and facilitate healing, some become infected. An infected laceration or puncture requires a call to our vet. Some injuries require debriding (the removal of dead tissue)and antibiotics. Wounds developing proud flesh during the healing process should be evaluated by a veterinarian. If your horse shows signs of the infection spreading systematically, this is an emergency, and your horse must be seen by a professional immediately.